142 research outputs found
Neurocognitive Process Constraints on Analogy: What Changes to Allow Children to Reason like Adults?
Analogy employs a neurocognitive working-memory (WM) system to activate and bind relational representations, integrate multiple relations, and suppress distracting information. Analogy experiments exploring these processes have used a variety of methodologies including dual tasks, neuropsychology, and functional neuroimaging, as well as experiments with children and older adults. Collectively, these experiments provide a rich set of results useful in evaluating any model of analogy and its development
Congestion control schemes for single and parallel TCP flows in high bandwidth-delay product networks
In this work, we focus on congestion control mechanisms in Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) for emerging very-high bandwidth-delay product networks and suggest
several congestion control schemes for parallel and single-flow TCP. Recently, several
high-speed TCP proposals have been suggested to overcome the limited throughput
achievable by single-flow TCP by modifying its congestion control mechanisms.
In the meantime, users overcome the throughput limitations in high bandwidth-delay
product networks by using multiple parallel TCP flows, without modifying TCP itself.
However, the evident lack of fairness between the high-speed TCP proposals (or
parallel TCP) and existing standard TCP has increasingly become an issue.
In many scenarios where flows require high throughput, such as grid computing
or content distribution networks, often multiple connections go to the same or nearby
destinations and tend to share long portions of paths (and bottlenecks). In such cases
benefits can be gained by sharing congestion information. To take advantage of this
additional information, we first propose a collaborative congestion control scheme for
parallel TCP flows. Although the use of parallel TCP flows is an easy and effective
way for reliable high-speed data transfer, parallel TCP flows are inherently unfair
with respect to single TCP flows. In this thesis we propose, implement, and evaluate
a natural extension for aggregated aggressiveness control in parallel TCP flows.
To improve the effectiveness of single TCP flows over high bandwidth-delay product networks without causing fairness problems, we suggest a new TCP congestion
control scheme that effectively and fairly utilizes high bandwidth-delay product networks
by adaptively controlling the flowÂs aggressiveness according to network situations
using a competition detection mechanism. We argue that competition detection
is more appropriate than congestion detection or bandwidth estimation. We further
extend the adaptive aggressiveness control mechanism and the competition detection
mechanism from single flows to parallel flows. In this way we achieve adaptive aggregated
aggressiveness control. Our evaluations show that the resulting implementation
is effective and fair.
As a result, we show that single or parallel TCP flows in end-hosts can achieve
high performance over emerging high bandwidth-delay product networks without requiring
special support from networks or modifications to receivers
Orbital Subband Structures and Chiral Orbital Angular Momentum in the (001) Surface States of SrTiO
We have performed angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)
experiments on the surface states of SrTiO(001) using linearly and
circularly polarized light to investigate the subband structures of
out-of-plane orbitals and chiral orbital angular momentum (OAM).
The data taken in the first Brillouin zone reveal new subbands for
orbitals with Fermi wave vectors of 0.25 and 0.45 in
addition to the previously reported ones. As a result, there are at least two
subbands for all the Ti 3d t orbitals. Our circular dichroism ARPES data
is suggestive of a chiral OAM structure in the surface states and may provide
clues to the origin of the linear Rashba-like surface band splitting.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, Journal pape
Testing the Efficacy of Training Basic Numerical Cognition and Transfer Effects to Improvement in Children’s Math Ability
The goals of the present study were to test whether (and which) basic numerical abilities can be improved with training and whether training effects transfer to improvement in children’s math achievement. The literature is mixed with evidence that does or does not substantiate the efficacy of training basic numerical ability. In the present study, we developed a child-friendly software named “123 Bakery” which includes four training modules; non-symbolic numerosity comparison, non-symbolic numerosity estimation, approximate arithmetic, and symbol-to-numerosity mapping. Fifty-six first graders were randomly assigned to either the training or control group. The training group participated in 6 weeks of training (5 times a week, 30 minutes per day). All participants underwent pre- and post-training assessment of their basic numerical processing ability (including numerosity discrimination acuity, symbolic/non-symbolic magnitude estimation, approximate arithmetic, and symbol-to-numerosity mapping), overall math achievement and intelligence, 6 weeks apart. The acuity for numerosity discrimination (approximate number sense acuity; hereafter ANS acuity) significantly improved after training, but this training effect did not transfer to improvement in symbolic, exact calculation, or any other math ability. We conclude that basic numerical cognition training leads to improvement in ANS acuity, but whether this effect transfers to symbolic math ability remains to be further tested
LANIT: Language-Driven Image-to-Image Translation for Unlabeled Data
Existing techniques for image-to-image translation commonly have suffered
from two critical problems: heavy reliance on per-sample domain annotation
and/or inability of handling multiple attributes per image. Recent
truly-unsupervised methods adopt clustering approaches to easily provide
per-sample one-hot domain labels. However, they cannot account for the
real-world setting: one sample may have multiple attributes. In addition, the
semantics of the clusters are not easily coupled to the human understanding. To
overcome these, we present a LANguage-driven Image-to-image Translation model,
dubbed LANIT. We leverage easy-to-obtain candidate attributes given in texts
for a dataset: the similarity between images and attributes indicates
per-sample domain labels. This formulation naturally enables multi-hot label so
that users can specify the target domain with a set of attributes in language.
To account for the case that the initial prompts are inaccurate, we also
present prompt learning. We further present domain regularization loss that
enforces translated images be mapped to the corresponding domain. Experiments
on several standard benchmarks demonstrate that LANIT achieves comparable or
superior performance to existing models.Comment: Accepted to CVPR 2023. Project Page:
https://ku-cvlab.github.io/LANIT
A case study of CO2 emissions from beef and pork production in South Korea
The current study evaluated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from beef and pork production and distribution chains in the South Korean meat industry. Data from industrial example farms and slaughterhouses were assessed on the basis of both the guidelines from the United Kingdom’s Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 2050:2011 and the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute carbon footprint calculation. The main factors for our estimations were animal feeds, manure waste, transportation, energy and water, refrigerants, and package data. Our analyses show that 16.55 kg CO2 equivalent (eq) was emitted during the production of 1 kg of live cattle. When retail yields and packing processes were considered, the CO2-eq of 1 kg of packaged Hanwoo beef was 27.86 kg. As for pigs, emissions from 1 kg of live pigs and packaged pork meat were 2.62 and 12.75 kg CO2-eq, respectively. While we gathered data from only two farms and slaughterhouses and our findings can therefore not be extrapolated to all meats produced in the South Korean meat industry, they indicate that manure waste is the greatest factor affecting ultimate CO2 emissions of packaged meats
Neurocognitive process constraints on analogy: What changes to allow children to reason like adults?
Experimental observation of hidden Berry curvature in inversion-symmetric bulk 2H-WSe2
We investigate the hidden Berry curvature in bulk 2H-WSe2 by utilizing the
surface sensitivity of angle resolved photoemission (ARPES). The symmetry in
the electronic structure of transition metal dichalcogenides is used to
uniquely determine the local orbital angular momentum (OAM) contribution to the
circular dichroism (CD) in ARPES. The extracted CD signals for the K and K'
valleys are almost identical but their signs, which should be determined by the
valley index, are opposite. In addition, the sign is found to be the same for
the two spin-split bands, indicating that it is independent of spin state.
These observed CD behaviors are what are expected from Berry curvature of a
monolayer of WSe2. In order to see if CD-ARPES is indeed representative of
hidden Berry curvature within a layer, we use tight binding analysis as well as
density functional calculation to calculate the Berry curvature and local OAM
of a monolayer WSe2. We find that measured CD-ARPES is approximately
proportional to the calculated Berry curvature as well as local OAM, further
supporting our interpretation.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Evaluation of Various Packaging Systems on the Activity of Antioxidant Enzyme, and Oxidation and Color Stabilities in Sliced Hanwoo (Korean Cattle) Beef Loin during Chill Storage
The effects of various packaging systems, vacuum packaging (VACP), medium oxygen-modified atmosphere packaging (50% O2/20% CO2/30% N2, MOMAP), MOMAP combined with vacuum skin packaging (VSP-MOMAP), high oxygen-MAP (80% O2/20% CO2/0% N2, HOMAP), and HOMAP combined with VSP (VSP-HOMAP), on the activity of antioxidant enzyme, and oxidation and color stabilities in sliced Hanwoo (Korean cattle) beef loin were investigated at 4°C for 14 d. Higher (p<0.05) superoxide dismutase activity and total reducing ability were maintained in VSP-MOMAP beef than in HOMAP beef. Lipid oxidation (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) was significantly (p<0.05) retarded in MOMAP, VSP-MOMAP, and VSP-HOMAP beef compared with HOMAP beef. Production of nonheme iron content was lower (p<0.05) in VSP-MOMAP beef than in HOMAP beef. Red color (a*) was kept higher (p<0.05) in VSP-MOMAP beef compared with MOMAP, HOMAP, and VSP-HOMAP beef. However, VACP beef was found to have the most positive effects on the antioxidant activity, oxidation and red color stabilities among the various packaged beef. These findings suggested that VSP-MOMAP was second to VACP in improving oxidation and color stabilities in sliced beef loin during chill storage
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